Zithini iimfuno zezinto ezifunekayo kwimikhumbi yokusabela kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo
Kwiinkqubo zemveliso yemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuthwala i-reaction kubalulekile kuba zezinye zezixhobo eziphambili zokuthwala i-chemical reaction. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye neempawu zemveliso zinemfuno ezithile zezinto zokuthwala i-reaction. Eli nqaku liza kuhlola iimfuno ezithile zezinto zokuthwala i-reactor kwiimeko ezininzi eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwaye lichaze ukuba kutheni ezi nketho ziyimfuneko.
1. Ishishini leekhemikhali
Kwishishini leekhemikhali, iinqanawa ze-reaction zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-chemical reaction ezintsonkothileyo, kubandakanya i-polymerization, i-esterification, i-sulfonation, njl. Ngenxa yokuba ezi nkqubo zihlala ziquka i-corrosive media kunye neendawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kukho iimfuno eziphezulu zokuxhathisa ukugqwala kunye namandla oomatshini wezinto ze-reactor. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka intsimbi engagqwaliyo (njenge-304, 316L), i-titanium alloy, kunye ne-Hastelloy alloy. Phakathi kwazo, intsimbi engagqwaliyo isetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo; ii-alloys zeTitanium kunye nee-alloys zeHastelloy zifanelekile kwiindawo ezigqwaliyo ezifuna kakhulu.
2. Ishishini leMithi
Iimfuno zeshishini lamayeza kwizixhobo ze-reactor azibonakali kuphela kwiimpawu zomzimba, kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi, kufuneka zithobele imigangatho ye-GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mpendulo yamakhemikhali okanye ukufunxwa kunye neyeza, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswa umgangatho kunye nobunyulu beyeza. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-316L idla ngokukhethwa njengezinto zokwenza kuba inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kunye nomphezulu ogudileyo okulula ukuwucoca nokubulala iintsholongwane. Ukongeza, kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, i-lining yeglasi okanye izinto ze-enamel nazo zingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela ungcoliseko lwe-ion yesinyithi kwiziyobisi.
3. Ukulungiswa kokutya
Iimfuneko zemithambo yokusabela kwicandelo lokulungiswa kokutya zigxile kakhulu kucoceko nokhuseleko. Zonke iindawo ezidibana nezinto kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kwezinto ezine-asidi kunye ne-alkaline ekutyeni, kwaye kube lula ukuzicoca nokuzicoca. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yintsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304 okanye angama-316L, njengoko zinokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, azinatyhefu, kwaye kulula ukuzigcina zicocekile. Ukongeza, ukuthintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane, uyilo lwemithambo yokusabela kufuneka luqwalasele ukunciphisa ubukho beekona ezifileyo kunye nezikhewu.
4. Iikhemikhali ezintle kunye nezinto ezintsha
Kwinkqubo yobunjineli beekhemikhali ezintle kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto ezintsha, ingakumbi xa kufikwa ekusetyenzisweni kwe-nanotechnology, izinto zesitya sokusabela azidingi nje ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko ezifana nokumelana nokugqwala kunye namandla oomatshini, kodwa kufuneka zibe nokuzinza okuthile kobushushu kunye nokuqhuba. Umzekelo, ekuhlanganisweni kwee-electrolytes zebhetri ye-lithium, kunokufuneka kusetyenziswe isitya sokusabela sentsimbi engagqwaliyo esine-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ukuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala; Kwezinye iinkqubo zokufaka i-electrochemical, kunokufuneka kusetyenziswe isitya sokusabela esenziwe ngezinto zesinyithi ezine-conductivity elungileyo efana ne-copper kunye ne-aluminium.
Ngamafutshane, iinqanawa zokusabela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa zinemfuno zazo ezizodwa zezinto ezifunekayo. Ukukhetha izixhobo zokusabela ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko ezithile zokusebenza akunakunceda nje kuphela ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo nokunciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa, kodwa nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yenkqubo yemveliso. Nokuba ujongene neendawo zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo okanye imigangatho yococeko engqongqo, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezinengqondo sisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-reactor. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuvavanya iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto xa ucwangcisa imigca emitsha yemveliso okanye uphucula izibonelelo ezikhoyo. Oku kunceda iinkampani zenze izigqibo ezilungileyo kwaye zifezekise imeko ephumelela kumacala omabini phakathi kweenzuzo zoqoqosho nezentlalo.