Izixhobo zokunyibilikisa iimolekyuli zendlela emfutshane

Izinto ezininzi, ezifana ne-petroleum heavy residue, iikhemikhali, amayeza kunye nokutya kwendalo, iimveliso zempilo, ii-fatty acids, njl.njl., zihlala zinobushushu obuphezulu, zixineneyo, kwaye/okanye zinobushushu obuphezulu. Ukuze zahlule ezi zinto kwezinye izinto zazo ngelixa zigcina umgangatho wemveliso, ukucocwa kungenziwa kuphela kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi okanye angaphantsi kokubila, kwaye ukubola kobushushu okanye ukupholimitha kunokunciphisa kuphela ngexesha elifutshane ukuze kupheliswe umonakalo kwimveliso.

Xa i-vacuum degree yokusebenza imalunga ne-500Pa, inokwenziwa kwi-evaporator yefilimu yokukrala okanye kwi-evaporator yefilimu ewayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-distillation kufuneka isebenze phantsi kweemeko ze-vacuum eziphakathi ukuya kweziphezulu (ezifana noxinzelelo oluphakathi kwe-0.001 kunye ne-100Pa), kukho ingxaki. Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-evaporator enoxinzelelo lomphunga olungadluli umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi komphezulu wokufudumeza kunye nomphezulu wokufutha wemveliso, ngoko ke ii-evaporators ezine-condenser yangaphandle azibandakanywa kwinkqubo ye-distillation kuluhlu lwe-vacuum oluphakathi ukuya phezulu.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-evaporator yohlobo lwe-SY ifanelekile kakhulu kolu setyenziso, kwaye i-condenser yenziwe ngaphakathi kwi-evaporator, ebekwe ngqo ecaleni kwenkqubo yokunyibilikisa eshushu. Ke ngoko, ii-evaporator zohlobo olufutshane ziteknoloji entsha yokwahlula engekasetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso kwaye inokusombulula inani elikhulu leengxaki zokwahlula ezingenakusonjululwa ziindlela zemveli zokunyibilikisa.

Ii-distillers zomgama omfutshane zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezintathu ngokwendlela yokusikra: ifilimu eqengqelekayo, i-sliding scraper, kunye ne-hinge scraper. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-scraper zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kwi-viscosity kunye neempawu zokucubungula izinto. Ixesha elifutshane lokuhlala kunye nomsebenzi we-scraper kwenza ifilimu yolwelo ihlale kumphezulu wobushushu ixesha elifutshane kakhulu. Ubushushu obuphantsi be-distillation, ngenxa yokuba i-condenser ibekwe ngokuthe ngqo kwicala elichaseneyo lomphezulu wobushushu, kunciphisa umahluko woxinzelelo, kwaye ngenxa yoko ine-vacuum degree ephezulu kakhulu. Izinto zinokusikrazwa kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu okanye ngaphandle kokufikelela kwinqanaba lokubila. Ukuntywiliselwa nzulu kwezinto ezinamathelayo kunye neemveliso ezinee-blades ze-scraper eziqinileyo, ecaleni komphetho omkhulu, kubangela i-shear enamandla kunye nefuthe lokuxuba kwifilimu yezinto, kunciphisa i-viscosity yolwelo olucociweyo. Ifanelekile ukucubungula i-viscosity ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50Pas kunye nokuthintela ukukrala kumphezulu wobushushu, ngakumbi ifanelekile kwi-solid containing liquids.

Umsebenzi wesikrazuli solwelo olucolekileyo kakhulu kukukrwela ulwelo olutyibilikayo lube yifilimu yolwelo olucolekileyo kakhulu. Ukwahlulahlula kucokisekile ngakumbi.

Izixhobo ezibuthathaka kubushushu, umlinganiselo wokwahlulwa okuphezulu, kunye nesikrazuli esichanekileyo zisebenzisa ifilimu yolwelo ebhityileyo kakhulu esasazwa ngokulinganayo kumphezulu wokufudumala, nto leyo ebangela ukuba wonke umphezulu wokufudumala ube manzi. Oku kuvumela umlinganiselo wokwahlulwa okuphezulu kokubila kwiyunithi yokusebenza. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-90% yokungena kwityala iyaphuma, kwaye inqanaba lezinto ezihlala zihleli lingafikelelwa.

Umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwefilimu ebilayo kunye nomphezulu ojiyileyo ngamandla aqhuba ukuhamba komphunga, kwaye ukuhla okuncinci koxinzelelo kunokubangela ukuhamba komphunga. Ukusebenza kwi-1mbar kufuna umgama omfutshane kakhulu phakathi komphezulu ojiyileyo kunye nojiyileyo, kwaye i-distiller eyenziwe ngokusekwe kulo mgaqo ibizwa ngokuba yi-distiller yomgama omfutshane. I-short-range still (i-molecular distillation) ine-condenser eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ebekwe ecaleni komphezulu ofudumezayo kwaye inciphisa uxinzelelo lokusebenza ukuya kwi-0.001mbar.

I-distiller yomgama omfutshane yinkqubo yokwahlulahlula ubushushu esebenza kuxinzelelo lwe-1 ~ 0.001mbar. Ubushushu bayo obuphantsi bokubila buyenza ifaneleke kakhulu kwizinto ezinobushushu kunye neendawo eziphezulu zokubila. Ulwakhiwo lwayo olusisiseko: isilinda esisilinda esinejakethi yokufudumeza, i-rotor kunye ne-condenser yangaphakathi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi; Faka ngokuchanekileyo isixhobo sokukrazula kunye nesixhobo sokuchasana nokutshiza kwi-bracket esisigxina ye-rotor. I-condenser eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ikwimbindi ye-evaporator, kwaye i-rotor ijikeleza phakathi kwesilinda esisilinda kunye ne-condenser.

I-short-range still iqulathe umzimba osilinda oshushu ngokuthe nkqo, i-condenser esembindini wayo, kunye ne-scraper ejikelezayo phakathi kwe-still kunye ne-condenser.

Inkqubo yokunyibilikisa inkunkuma yendlela elandelayo: izinto zongezwa ukusuka phezulu kwi-evaporator, kwaye zisasazwa rhoqo nangokulinganayo kumphezulu wokufudumeza nge-distributor yolwelo lwezinto kwi-rotor. Emva koko, i-scraper ikhuhla ulwelo lwezinto zibe yifilimu yolwelo olubhityileyo kakhulu, oluguquguqukayo kwaye ilutyhalele ezantsi ngendlela ejikelezayo. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, iimolekyuli ezikhanyayo eziphuma kumphezulu wokufudumeza zijiya zibe lulwelo kwi-condenser eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ngendlela emfutshane kwaye phantse ngaphandle kokungqubana, kwaye zigeleza kwityhubhu ye-condenser ngaphambi kokuba zikhutshwe ngepayipi yokukhupha esezantsi kwe-evaporator; Ulwelo oluseleyo, olukwaziwa ngokuba ziimolekyuli ezinzima, luqokelelwa kumjelo ojikelezayo phantsi kwendawo yokufudumeza kwaye emva koko luphuma ngepayipi yokukhupha ecaleni.